Kekerasan Seksual Di Metaverse Dalam Perspektif Viktimologi

Isi Artikel Utama

Atika Zahra Nirmala
Nunung Rahmania
Zahratul’ain Taufik

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi diiringi dengan perkembangan kejahatan, berbagai bentuk kejahatan dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan teknologi salah satunya kekerasan seksual. Kekerasan seksual kini tidak hanya dalam dunia nyata tetapi dalam dunia maya. Salah satu bentuk kekerasan seksual di dunia maya adalah pelecehan seksual terhadap avatar di metaverse. Terhadap kejahatan tersebut tentunya korban mengalami dampak secara fisik maupun psikologis walapun yang mengalami pelecehan seksual adalah avatarnya yang merupakan represntasi korban di dunia virtual. Adapaun urgensi penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana kekerasan seksual di metaverse dalam perspektif viktimologi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan seksual terhadap avatar dalam metaverse dapat dikategorikan sebagai korban kejahatan non konvensional. Korban dalam perspektif viktimologi tidak hanya terbatas pada manusia di dunia nyata namun dapat berupa representasinya di dunia maya.

Rincian Artikel

Cara Mengutip
Nirmala, A. Z., Rahmania, N., & Taufik, Z. . (2024). Kekerasan Seksual Di Metaverse Dalam Perspektif Viktimologi. Jurnal Risalah Kenotariatan, 5(1), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.29303/risalahkenotariatan.v5i1.229
Bagian
Articles

Referensi

Buku

Arif Gosita. 1993.Masalah Korban Kejahatan. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer

Sahetapy, J.E.1987. Viktimologi Sebuah Bunga Rampai. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1987.

Artikel Jurnal:

Anditya, A. W. (2020). Tinjauan Viktimologi Kontemporer Hybrid Victims Akibat Media Sosial Berbasis Daring di Indonesia. Penerbit Asosiasi Pengajar Viktimologi Indonesia, (1901), 204-213. http://penerbit.apvi.or.id/index.php/press/article/view/24/24.

Bodenheimer, B., & Fu, Q. (2015, September). The effect of avatar model in stepping off a ledge in an immersive virtual environment. In proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on applied perception (pp. 115-118). 2015. https://doi.org/10.1145/2804408.2804426.

Tan, M. P. C., Kwan, S. S. M., Yahaya, A., Maakip, I., & Voo, P. (2020). The importance of organizational climate for psychosocial safety in the prevention of sexual harassment at work. Journal of occupational health, 62(1), e12192. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12192.

Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Rana, N. P., Baabdullah, A. M., Kar, A. K., ... & Yan, M. (2023). Exploring the darkverse: A multi-perspective analysis of the negative societal impacts of the metaverse. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(5), 2071-2114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-023-10400-x.

Fox, J., Ralston, R. A., Cooper, C. K., & Jones, K. A. (2015). Sexualized avatars lead to women’s self-objectification and acceptance of rape myths. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39(3), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684314553578.

Gomez, J., Johnson, S., Borrion, H., & Lundrigan, S. (2023). A scoping study of crime facilitated by the metaverse. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/x9vbn.

Gorissen, M., van den Berg, C. J., Bijleveld, C. C., Ruiter, S., & Berenblum, T. (2023). Online disclosure of sexual victimization: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(2), 828-843. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211043831.

Henry, N., & Powell, A. (2018). Technology-facilitated sexual violence: A literature review of empirical research. Trauma, violence, & abuse, 19(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016650189.

Leskinen, E. A., Cortina, L. M., & Kabat, D. B. (2011). Gender harassment: broadening our understanding of sex-based harassment at work. Law and human behavior, 35(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-010-9241-5.

Portillo, G. A. O., Fletcher, J. B., Young, L. E., & Klausner, J. D. (2023). Virtual avatars as a new tool for human immunodeficiency virus prevention among men who have sex with men: a narrative review. Mhealth, 9. https://doi.org/10.21037/mhealth-22-33.

Sánchez-Jiménez, V., Rodríguez-de Arriba, M. L., Ortega-Rivera, J., & Muñoz-Fernández, N. (2024). Can virtual reality be used for the prevention of peer sexual harassment in adolescence? First evaluation of the virtual-PRO program. Psychosocial intervention, 33(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2024a1.

Sharma, S., Singh, J., Gupta, A., Ali, F., Khan, F., & Kwak, D. (2024). User Safety and Security in the Metaverse: A Critical Review. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2024.3397044.

Thukral, P., & Kainya, V. (2022). How social media influence crimes. Issue 2 Indian JL & Legal Rsch., 4, 1. https://www.ijlmh.com/wp-content/uploads/Influence-of-.

Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 319-352. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2022.3202047.

Kursani, E., Nabilah, L., & Wahyudi, A. (2020). Tindakan Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak di Kabupaten Lingga Tahun 2017. Avicenna, 15(2), 374175. https://doi.org/10.36085/avicenna.v15i2.906.

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., Suryani, S., & Mardhiyah, A. (2023). Experiences of sexual harassment by patients among nurses at the mental hospital of West Java Province: a qualitative study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(8), 5525. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085525.

Zahoor, R., & Razi, N. (2020). Cyber-crimes and cyber laws of Pakistan: An overview. Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH), 2(2), 133-143.https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol2.iss2.43.

World Wide Web:

CNN Indonesia. “Pengakuan Wanita Jadi Korban Pemerkosaan Di Metaverse.” CNN Indonesia, 2022. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220202205554-185-754278/pengakuan-wanita-jadi-korban-pemerkosaan-di-metaverse.

Patrick, Wendy L. “Sexual Assault in the Metaverse: Virtual Reality, Real Trauma.” Psychologytoday, 2023. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/why-bad-looks-good/202301/sexual-assault-in-the-metaverse-virtual-reality-real-trauma

Prasasti, Giovani Dio. “Kepolisian Inggris Investigasi Dugaan Pemerkosaan Remaja 16 Tahun Di Metaverse.” Liputan6, 2024. https://www.liputan6.com/tekno/read/5497213/kepolisian-inggris-investigasi-dugaan-pemerkosaan-remaja-16-tahun-di-metaverse.